Theoretical and Applied Physics

A new “reaction” theory produced in Bulgaria during the first half of 20th century will be discussed historically. Sofia University Professor Georgi Ivanov Manev (15.01.1884–15.07.1965) created it in 1924 [1-6]. This scientific result originates from Maneff specialization in the University of Toulousa, France (1913–1914) where Georgi Maneff studied vector calculus under Professor H. Bouasse leadership [7-9]. Maneff’s reaction theory is the most remarkable theoretical result in Bulgaria during the first half of 20th century. His new idea has a great importance for understanding the Universe. Georgi Maneff published 47 articles for a period of 20 years (1920–1940) in condition of fierce competition (at the rate of 2.3 articles for a year). There are

32 scientific papers, 3 university textbooks, 10 popular articles, and 2 reviews created by him. Half of his scientific papers are written in Bulgarian language and printed by the Yearbook of the Sofia University. The rest of his scientific papers are published in Comptes Rendus, Paris (7), Zeitschrift für Physik (3), Terrestrial Magnetism und Atmospheric Electricites (2), Zeitschrift für Astrophysik (2) и Astronomische Nachrichten (1). Scientific papers of Georgi Maneff are unifying thematically. Focusing on the physics point of view in his theoretical investigations, he created a new theory. His theory extends static Newtonian mechanics. Georgi Maneff associated forward motion with rotation by adding movement of the center of rotation (rolling). He calls the theory proposed by him “extended principle of reaction”. He writes that it is a classic analogue of the theory of relativity. Maneff characterizes it as a “substantial dynamic theory of matter and energy”. Comparing it with Einstein theory, Maneff defines the theory of relativity as a structural kinetic theory that is the better mathematical method. Reaction theory, however, surpasses it because it is closer to physical reality. The Einstein’s decision is a special case of Maneff’s substantial decision. Scientific publications of Maneff and some documents from the Bulgarian state archive have used. Some consequences of

Maneff’s theory will be discussed there.