Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Qiuhe Peng
Nanjing University, China
Keynote: Explosion of collapsed supernova and hot big bang of the universe driven by magnetic monopoles
Time : 09:35-10:10
Biography:
Qiuhe Peng is mainly engaged in nuclear astrophysics, particle astrophysics and Galactic Astronomy research. In the field of Nuclear Astrophysics, his research project involved a neutron star (pulsar), the supernova explosion mechanism and the thermonuclear reaction inside the star, the synthesis of heavy elements and interstellar radioactive element such as the origin of celestial 26Al. In addition, through his lectures, he establishes Nuclear Astrophysics research in China. He was invited by Peking University, by Tsinghua University (both in Beijing and in Taiwan) and by nuclear physics institutes in Beijing, Shanghai, Lanzhou to give lectures on Nuclear Astrophysics for many times. He has participated in the international academic conferences over 40 times and he visited more than 20 countries. In 1994, he visited eight institutes in USA to give lectures. He is the first Chinese Astrophysicist to visit NASA and to give a lecture on the topic, “Nuclear Synthesis of Interstellar 26Al”. In 2005, he visited USA twice and gave lectures in eight universities again. Inviting six astronomers of USA to give series lectures, he has hosted four consecutive terms summer school on gravitational wave astronomy. After the four summer school obvious effect, at least 20 young scholars in China in the field of gravitational wave astronomy specialized learning and research. 220 research papers by him have been published.
Abstract:
An anomaly strong radial magnetic field near the Galactic Center (GC) is detected[1]. The lower limit of the radial magnetic field at r=0.12 pc from the GC is B≥8mG.
It is possible scientific significances are following:
• The black hole model at the GC is incorrect. The reason is that radiations observed from the region neighbor of the GC are hardly emitted by the gas of accretion disk due to it being prevented from approaching to the GC by the abnormally strong radial magnetic field[2].
• This is an anticipated signals for existence of magnetic monopoles (MM)[3].
• The lower limit of the detected radial magnetic field is quantitatively in agreement with the prediction of our paper “An AGN model with MM”[4].
• Magnetic monopoles may play a key role in some very important astrophysical problems using the Robakov-Callen effect that nucleons may decay catalyzed by MM.
• Taking the RC effect as an energy source, we have proposed a unified model for various supernova explosion[5], including to solve the question of the energy source both in the Earth core and in the white dwarfs.
• We may explain the physical reason of the Hot Big Bang
Keynote Forum
Takashi Matsuoka
Tohoku University, Japan
Keynote: History and current status of research on nitride semiconductors
Biography:
Takashi Matsuoka is a Professor at the Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University. He has published more than 100 papers in journals and more than 50 patents including U.S. and EPC patents. In 1980s, he developed the laser diode used for the present optical communications systems. He has also developed nitride semiconductors. He proposed the material concept for blue LEDs and showed how to grow InGaN as an emitting layer. He was the Editor of Applied Physics Express for five years. He is a member of IEEE, MRS, ACerS, SPIE, and several other societies in Japan.
Abstract:
Since the first synthesization of gallium nitride nanorods (GaN) in 1932, high quality GaN could not be obtained for a long term because the equilibrium vapor pressure of nitrogen is a several orders of magnitude higher than the equilibrium pressure of As in gallium arsenide (GaAs) at the growth temperature. For the lack of a GaN substrate, a GaN thin film was epitaxially grown on a sapphire substrate in 1969. A MIS-type GaN LED was fabricated and the first blue emission was observed in 1971. Accidentally, the high quality GaN film with a smooth surface was successively grown through a low-temperature grown AlN buffer layer by the metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) for the first time in 1986. To construct a double-heterostructure (DH structure) indispensable for a highly efficient LED, InGaAlN was proposed in 1989. This year, InGaN as a material for the blue emission was grown under the sophisticated conditions, and p-GaN was also obtained with Mg doping. The blue LED was fabricated, and became commercially available in 1993. A white LED was developed in 1996, and has been widely used in the solid state lighting. Taking the material characteristics of nitride semiconductors, the first field-effect-transistors of nitride semiconductors was fabricated in 1993. The high electron mobility transistor has been already used in the base stations of cellar phones. The development of high power and high frequency transistors has been increasingly promoted for realizing the sustainable society. Recently, the polarity characteristic in GaN has been attracted for devices with higher performance.
Keynote Forum
William W Arrasmith
Florida Institute of Technology, USA
Keynote: General method for direct transfer function estimation using parallel, non-redundant, complex exponential phase difference chains, with applications to high-speed, high-spatial resolution atmospheric turbulence compensated imaging systems
Biography:
William W Arrasmith completed his Engineering in Physics from the Air Force Institute of Technology in Dayton, Ohio in 1995. Currently, he is the Professor of Engineering Systems at the Florida Institute of Technology (FIT) in Melbourne, Florida. Prior to FIT, he served in the United States Air Force over 20 years, working on various engineering, science, and technology programs, and retiring as Lieutenant Colonel in 2003. He has authored the book, “Systems Engineering and Analysis of Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems”, CRC Press (2015), developed six patents, and has over 30 journal/conference papers.
Abstract:
We present a general method for directly estimating 1-D (time-based) or 2-D (spatial domain-based) transfer functions from only irradiance measurements, applicable to linear, time and/or space invariant detection systems. A relevant example of a 2-D linear, space-invariant system is an atmospheric turbulence compensating imaging system. For well designed optical imaging systems, the turbulent atmosphere dominantly and strongly limits the imaging system’s spatial resolution when the entrance pupil aperture is much larger than the atmospheric coherence length r0. In this case, the uncorrected optical imaging system in atmospheric turbulence falls far short of achieving its potential classical diffraction-limited spatial resolution. Atmospheric turbulence compensation (ATC) methods can provide a D/ro improvement in spatial resolution where D is the diameter of the entrance pupil of the imaging systems and ro is the atmospheric coherence length (a.k.a Fried parameter). In this paper, we briefly describe the nature and effects of atmospheric turbulence on passive, incoherent optical imagery (e.g. imaging systems that use natural illumination sources such as sunlight or moonlight), describe the theoretical basis and mathematical underpinnings used to simulate the effects of atmospheric turbulence, describe the model for our direct optical transfer function (OTF) estimation method, and show how our new OTF estimation method applies to representative atmospheric turbulence compensation paradigms. Our OTF estimation method is shown to have increased computational speed, reduced computational and physical complexity, eliminates inherent
computational redundancies, potentially provides higher accuracy in estimating the OTF, and has built-in constraints for faster
solution convergence over contemporary methods.
- Experimental Phyiscs | Astrophysics | Particle Physics | Lasers and Optics | Biophotonics
Location: Fleming´s Room 6
Chair
Qiuhe Peng
Nanjing University, China
Co-Chair
Takashi Matsuoka
Tohoku University, Japan
Session Introduction
Vasily Yu Belashov
Kazan Federal University, Russia
Title: Modified CD method and simulation of vortical structures in plasma and fluids
Biography:
Vasily Yu Belashov, has a PhD in Radiophysics and a DSci in Physics and Mathematics. His main fields of research interest are theory and numerical simulation of the dynamics of multidimensional nonlinear waves, solitons and vortex structures in plasmas and other dispersive media. Presently, he is a Chief Scientist and Professor at the Kazan Federal University. He is the author of 310 publications including seven monographs.
Abstract:
The modification of known methods of contour dynamics (CD) used for simulation of evolution and the interaction dynamics of the vortex structures such as FAVR’s or V-states, and also the examples of the results of modeling of these processes in fluids are presented. Our modification of the CD method enables us to minimize the errors caused by breaks of contours and the errors of the finite differences method used for calculation of time evolution of FAVR’s in the CD algorithm. Modification of standard CD algorithm enables also, on a level with modeling of the unit vortices, to study evolution and dynamics of interaction of N-vortical systems of the various spatial configurations consisting from FAVR’s depending on their degree of symmetry, value and a sign of a vorticity. The results of our numerical simulation enable to conclude that the modified CD method is very effective in studying of the vortex phenomena in media where the interacting local vortical regions take place. The results obtained in our simulations, on a level with their obvious importance for adequate interpretation of the effects associated with turbulent processes in fluids and gases can be useful also in the description of turbulent processes in a plasma.
S Saghafi
Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Title: Laser Modal analysis, an effective tool in reshaping a multimode laser beam into an optimized thin light sheet used in ultramicroscopy imaging technique
Biography:
Abstract:
The solutions of the wave equation provide adequate information about the beam phase and amplitude at any point. In physical optics, the exact solution of the wave equations (e.g. Helmholtz equation), is generally impractical, thus approximations are used; the paraxial approximation applies when the beam waist is large relative to the wavelength and the angle of divergence is small. The multipole expansion method provides solutions to the wave equation. Any solution of Maxwell’s equation can be expressed as the summation of incoming and outgoing electric and magnetic multipole fields. The superposition of any two solutions is also a solution, and this is referred to as the principle of superposition. The electromagnetic field at a point far from a focus is described by expansion of the diffraction integral into a series of functions such as Gegenbauer polynomials or spherical Bessel functions. This method has been used to investigate the effects of different amplitude weighting, and can be extended to truncated Gaussian beams or systems with spherical aberration. Defining an arbitrary field as the modal superposition of individual fields, and employing the angular spectrum method (Fourier optics) in the framework of wave optics, can provide accurate results for the propagation of each component. The field characteristics can be described by a superposition of the propagated components. Using the current solutions of the paraxial wave equation enables to describe the propagation of an arbitrary laser beam from near- to far-field. Based on the modal analysis method, we analyse the output beam of a diode pumped solid state (DPSS) laser emitting a multimode beam. Using the experimental data, the individual modes, their respective contributions, and their optical parameters are determined. We have designed a mode modulator unit that includes different meso-aspheric elements and a soft-aperture to reshape the multimode beam into a quasi-Gaussian beam through the interference and superposition of the various modes. The converted beam is guided into a second optical unit comprising achromatic-aspheric elements to produce a thin light sheet for ultramicroscopy. This sheet is significantly thinner and exhibits less side shoulders compared with a light sheet directly generated from the output of a DPSS multimode laser. The method to generate a reconstructed Gaussian beam from multimode lasers that is described in this paper may help to decrease the price of ultramicroscopy systems, making them more affordable for scientists needing lasers with different wavelengths.
Ganka Stoeva Kamisheva
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria
Title: Consequences of the Maneff’s theory
Biography:
Ganka Stoeva Kamisheva has completed his PhD from Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics. She is the curator of the History of Physics Museum at the Institute of Solid State Physics. She has published more than 82 papers in journals and four books.
Abstract:
A new “reaction” theory produced in Bulgaria during the first half of 20th century will be discussed historically. Sofia University Professor Georgi Ivanov Manev (15.01.1884–15.07.1965) created it in 1924 [1-6]. This scientific result originates from Maneff specialization in the University of Toulousa, France (1913–1914) where Georgi Maneff studied vector calculus under Professor H. Bouasse leadership [7-9]. Maneff’s reaction theory is the most remarkable theoretical result in Bulgaria during the first half of 20th century. His new idea has a great importance for understanding the Universe. Georgi Maneff published 47 articles for a period of 20 years (1920–1940) in condition of fierce competition (at the rate of 2.3 articles for a year). There are
32 scientific papers, 3 university textbooks, 10 popular articles, and 2 reviews created by him. Half of his scientific papers are written in Bulgarian language and printed by the Yearbook of the Sofia University. The rest of his scientific papers are published in Comptes Rendus, Paris (7), Zeitschrift für Physik (3), Terrestrial Magnetism und Atmospheric Electricites (2), Zeitschrift für Astrophysik (2) и Astronomische Nachrichten (1). Scientific papers of Georgi Maneff are unifying thematically. Focusing on the physics point of view in his theoretical investigations, he created a new theory. His theory extends static Newtonian mechanics. Georgi Maneff associated forward motion with rotation by adding movement of the center of rotation (rolling). He calls the theory proposed by him “extended principle of reaction”. He writes that it is a classic analogue of the theory of relativity. Maneff characterizes it as a “substantial dynamic theory of matter and energy”. Comparing it with Einstein theory, Maneff defines the theory of relativity as a structural kinetic theory that is the better mathematical method. Reaction theory, however, surpasses it because it is closer to physical reality. The Einstein’s decision is a special case of Maneff’s substantial decision. Scientific publications of Maneff and some documents from the Bulgarian state archive have used. Some consequences of
Maneff’s theory will be discussed there.
Valentyn A Nastasenko
Kherson State Maritime Academy, Ukraine
Title: Physical-mathematical method of more precise rendering of gravitation constant magnitude and Plank’s parameters of length, time and mass
Biography:
Valentyn A Nastasenko is the professor at Kherson State Maritime Academy, Ukraine.
Abstract:
Presently gravitation constant G is certain to 6 signs from which 5 – exact, that on 4-3 orders yields exactnesses of other fundamental physical constants are speed c light in a vacuum and constants of Plank’s h, recommended by CODATA (2014). However possibilities of increase of exactness of determination of G experimental a way in the conditions of Earth attained the technical limit, that requires the search of on principle new approaches. On the basis of the offered original method the system of calculation dependences, effluent from fundamental physical constants with, is c, G, h. This physicalmathematical regularities is strict and allow determining the exact value of frequency of oscillation wave gravitational field νG= 7.4∙1042 s-1 (constant Nastasenko). This value νG of allows defining value gravity constant G to 10 signs, that on 4 orders more precisely than the all of values of G known presently. The necessity of experimental determination of G is thus eliminated, only enough determinations c and h, and growth of their exactness automatically will result in growth of exactness of determination of size of G. On the basis of νG, the wave parameters of the gravitational field are found, which are real quantities of the material world, and can replaced abstract Planck’s values of length lp, time tp and mass mp. Herewith, their accuracy is increased which allows to determine the value of the gravitational constant G to 10 characters, which is 4 orders of magnitude more accurate
than all its values recommended by CODATA (2014).
Petteri Pusa
University of Liverpool, UK
Title: Direct test for matter – antimatter imbalacle in the Universe and experimental methods for testing it
Biography:
Petteri Pusa received his PhD from the University of Helsinki, Accelerator Laboratory (2004) in the field of applications of theoretical nuclear physics methods in ion beam analysis targeting in materials science research. He further developed his expertise to study various semiconductor materials, especially for high luminosity experiments in high energy physics. In 2006, he joined University of Liverpool, part of CERN’s ALPHA collaboration as a Team Leader for developing and commissioning of dedicated annihilation detectors for the purpose of this experiment.
Abstract:
One of the mysteries in modern physics is that antimatter seems to have been disappeared from the universe. According to the standard model of physics, there should have been equal amount of matter and antimatter produced in the Big Bang. However, we don’t see any trace of antimatter; at least in the observable universe. One possible explanation is that CPT–symmetry, the corner stone of the standard model is somehow violated. The ALPHA–experiment, situated at CERN’s Antiproton Decelerator, has now developed a direct way to precisely address this question. This is done by comparing the properties of hydrogen atom to its anti-world counterpart, antihydrogen. The most recent findings by the collaboration indicate that antihydrogen behaves similarly to hydrogen, in precision of few parts per quadtrillion. However, properties of hydrogen have been measured three orders of magnitude beyond this. ALPHA is currently aiming to improve precision of the measurements of antihydrogen to see if there are any statistically observably differences in the properties in these two atoms. In this talk, a review of recent progress, along with methods to create neutral antimatter, how to trap it, how to diagnose and detect it, will be discussed. A review of the progress in the field of low energy antimatters physics will also be discussed.
Ayesha Mohyuddin
University of Management and Technology, Pakistan
Title: Theoretically IR and Raman spectra of propane using GAMESS
Biography:
Ayesha Mohyuddin is an Associate Professor at UMT Lahore, Pakistan and did her PhD from GCU Lahore. She has published 12 papers and research work in journals with impact factor and has presented at 15 international conferences. She won the SATHA Innovation Award 2016, Best Research Project Award 2015 UMT, IUPAC Fellowship 2015 and has attended Alumni Nobel Laureates Meeting 2006, Germany. She has supervised 26 MS theses in areas of Analytical Chemistry, Computational Studies, Environmental Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry
Abstract:
Propane (C3H8) is the third individual from the alkane homologous arrangement, a three-carbon, non-cyclic, immersed, vaporous hydrocarbon at encompassing conditions, and a typical constituent of petroleum gas (additionally gas hydrates, shale and coalbed gas) with a normal substance running from 0.1 to 7%. The investigation of initial couple of alkanes in the homologous line (methane, propane and butane) demonstrated some normal highlights in the appropriation of groups. GAMESS, B3LYP form of Density Functional Theory (DFT) was used in blend with an assortment of premise sets. Geometry optimization of propane was calculated using the same basis set 6-311G(d,p). The estimations of sub-atomic orbital energies particularly, the HOMO and LUMO energies were performed to decide the vitality hole amongst HOMO and LUMO orbitals. Right off the bat, sub-atomic orbitals MOs of C3H8 particle were computed utilizing MOLPRO programming. As per this estimation, it has been discovered that propane atom has 23 sub-atomic orbitals and the vitality hole amongst HOMO and LUMO orbitals was found to be around 135 nm. Raman spectrum of propane displayed bands at 1800 cm-1 and 3250 cm-1. The region 3100-3500 cm-1 in propane spectrum was the Raman area. In the low recurrence area ʋ<1500 cm-1) the position of groups to some degree is subjective, however the high recurrence groups are unbendingly situated in the locale of around 3000cm-1, changing just in their forces. A significat band at 3463cm-1 was attributed to symmetric extending methods of CH2 (ʋ3), and CH3 (ʋ16). Moreover, Fermi Resonance between the hints of vibrations situated around 1500 cm-1 and high recurrence groups can be observed, offering ascend to redistribution of the last thickness of those states. In addition, the connection between the high recurrence CH extending vibrations and the particle's own particular low recurrence vibrations are genuinely powerless which is in opposition to the circumstance in straightforward alcohols (e.g. butanol), where such collaboration is solid bringing about wide, confused groups in the CH-extending district.
Rajkumar Thapa
Holy Angel’s E B School, Nepal
Title: Defects of Newton’s third law of motion and a new law
Biography:
Rajkumar Thapa has completed B.Sc. at the age of 23 from Butwal Multiple Campus, Nepal. He is a science teacher of Holy Angel’s English Boarding School. He has been teaching science since 5 years and very interested in research projects. Besides teaching he is doing research about the alternatives of curing diseases without medicines.
Abstract:
Newton’s third law of motion states that when we apply action force on the body, it gives equal magnitude of reaction force. Thus, it is said that “In every action there is equal and opposite reaction. But this is a one sided law. It is not applicable in all the cases when the force is exerted between two bodies. There are more incidents in this universe which fails Newton’s third law of motion. Friction, nature of body, impulse etc. are the reasons for unequal action and reaction. Mathematically, according to the conservation of linear momentum, m1u1+m2u2=m1v1+m2v2. The sum of linear momentum before collision and sum of linear momentum after collision is zero or equal to become the equal action and reaction. But if the sum of linear momentum before collision and sum of linear momentum after collision is not zero or if the values are not equal to each other, in this case we can say that action and reaction force are not equal. My new law states that “When any two matters come in contact, the action and reaction of the matter depend on its structure and condition.” It implies that the action and reaction can be equal or unequal also. There are many mathematical and practical experiments which prove that there are many defects. So, this law should be changed and should be wide the concept in a new law. Otherwise it is sure that it will bring more confusion
among teacher and students in the world.